Portugal’s scenic coastlines, historic cities, and mountainous regions make it an ideal country for road travel. Whether you’re a tourist planning a road trip, an expat establishing residency, or someone considering moving to Portugal, understanding the driving license requirements and transport regulations is essential for safe and legal travel.
General Overview of Driving in Portugal
What You Need to Know Before Hitting the Road
Understanding Portugal’s driving documents, rules, and regulations is essential for settling into Portuguese life, whether exploring cities or taking scenic road trips. A solid grasp of these aspects ensures a smooth transition into Portugal’s driving culture.
Portugal follows European driving standards with right-hand traffic, comprehensive safety regulations, and modern infrastructure. The country’s road network includes well-maintained highways (autoestradas), national roads, and urban streets, all governed by strict traffic laws designed to protect drivers and pedestrians alike.
Basic Traffic Rules in Portugal
Essential Road Safety and Legal Guidelines
Portugal drives on the right side of the road, similar to most European countries. All drivers must adhere to fundamental safety regulations that form the backbone of Portuguese road law.
Wearing seat belts is mandatory for all passengers in the vehicle, with fines imposed for non-compliance. Children under 12 years old and shorter than 1.35 meters must use appropriate child safety seats, while children under 3 years old cannot sit in the front seat if there is an active airbag.
Speed limits are clearly marked but vary by location and road type. Urban areas typically enforce 50 km/h limits, rural roads allow 90 km/h, expressways (Vias Rápidas) permit 100 km/h, and highways accommodate speeds up to 120 km/h. Always pay attention to posted signs as limits can vary based on specific road conditions and local regulations.
The legal blood alcohol limit stands at 0.5 g/l, and driving under the influence of drugs is strictly prohibited. Using a mobile phone while driving is illegal unless a hands-free system is used, with violations leading to fines ranging from €120 to €600.
Traffic already inside roundabouts has the right of way, requiring those entering to yield. Overtaking must occur on the left side only, and on multi-lane roads, drivers should keep to the right except when overtaking. When emergency vehicles with flashing lights and sirens approach, pull over to the right and stop. Using headlights at all times, even during the day, is mandatory and improves visibility for all road users.
Driving in Portugal with a Foreign Driver’s License
Rules for Tourists, Residents, and License Validity
The rules for driving with a foreign license depend on your residency status and the issuing country, with different regulations for tourists versus residents.
Tourists are generally allowed to drive in Portugal with a foreign license for 185 days (about 6 months), provided they are not residents. An International Driving Permit is not needed for citizens of the United States or EU countries for stays not exceeding 185 days.
If you plan to establish residency, you can use your foreign license for a maximum of 90 days from the residence permit issuance date. Within this period, you must begin the process to exchange it for a Portuguese license.
EU and EFTA citizens can use their existing license until it expires, then must replace it with a Portuguese license. These residents must inform the Institute of Mobility and Transportation (IMT) within 60 days of becoming a resident.
Residents from OECD and CPLP member countries, including Australia, Brazil, Canada, UK, USA, and others, are permitted to drive in Portugal using their original license without the obligation to exchange it, even after establishing residency.
Driving licenses issued by non-EU countries may not be valid in Portugal. If your country is a signatory to international road traffic conventions, you must exchange your license within 185 days of establishing residence. Countries not party to international conventions require immediate exchange.
Getting a Portuguese Driving License
Eligibility, Exams, and How to Apply
To drive a vehicle on public roads, you must be legally qualified with a driving license issued by Portuguese authorities or have valid foreign credentials under specific conditions.
You can obtain a license to drive a car (Category B) from the age of 18 years old. Different minimum ages apply for other vehicle categories, starting from 16 years old for mopeds (AM) and quadricycles (B1). Applicants must live in Portugal for at least 185 days, meet physical, mental, and psychological conditions, and not be prohibited from driving. You cannot hold a license of the same category from another EU or EFTA country.
The application process requires attending preparation classes at a driving school and passing both theory and driving tests. The driving school enrolls you in the exams and guides you through the entire process.
Required documentation typically includes proof of identity and residency such as residence permit, passport or visa, and Citizen Card. You’ll also need a medical certificate sent to IMT and a psychological assessment certificate or report submitted to the driving school. Brazilian citizens with general status under a specific treaty can use their Portuguese Citizen Card or identity document.
Preparation classes may be available in English if requested. The theory test can be booked with a translation, usually taken at IMT or a private center. Translation services are available for categories AM, A1, A2, A, B1, and B.
Driving Test Process in Portugal
Theory & Practical Test Details, Costs, and Timeframes
The IMT is responsible for tests, which can be taken at public or private institutions. Public institutions don’t charge but may have long waiting times due to staff shortages, while private institutions charge but offer faster service.
The theory test (Exame de código) consists of 30 multiple-choice questions on a computer, lasting about 30 minutes. You need 27 correct answers to pass. The cost is €15 at IMT, or between €15 and €110 at private centers.
The practical test typically lasts around 40 minutes. You must demonstrate knowledge of the car and safe driving preparation. You can accumulate up to 10 minor faults. The cost is €30 at a public center, or up to €120 at a private one. If you fail, you must pay to retake the test.
The entire process could take up to three or four months to complete, including classes and tests. There is no minimum time limit, but deadlines apply for passing tests after enrollment. The total price varies depending on the category and driving school, ranging from €375 to €920 depending on the category, school, and region.
Driving Lessons and Classes
Requirements, Duration, and Language Availability
All driving lessons must be taken at government-licensed driving centers with qualified instructors. The structured approach ensures all drivers receive comprehensive training before taking their tests.
Learners must complete 28 hours of theory and 32 practical lessons as part of the mandatory curriculum. This comprehensive training covers road rules, vehicle operation, and practical driving skills necessary for safe road use.
Classes may be available in English upon request, making the process more accessible for international residents. The driving schools coordinate with IMT to ensure proper preparation for both theory and practical examinations.
Exchanging a Foreign Driving License
Step-by-Step Guide, Documents, and Costs
Exchanging a foreign license for a Portuguese one involves specific procedures and documentation requirements that vary based on your country of origin.
You can apply by furnishing documents at an IMT office or filling out an online form. You may receive an email with payment instructions and information about where to provide your signature and photograph.
Required documents include a permanent residence permit or card, valid foreign license, proof of residence, proof of identity, passport-sized photo, medical certificate, and payment of the €30 fee.
If your license is from a country with a bilateral agreement or not party to international conventions, you may need a certificate of authenticity and a certified translation if the license is not in Portuguese, Spanish, French, or English.
Licenses from countries not party to international road traffic conventions require taking a practical driving test, which costs €30. A learner’s license for practice lessons costs €15.
If no practical test is required, you typically receive the license within 60 days. You can drive using a provisional license while waiting for your permanent Portuguese license.
Vehicle Requirements and Responsibilities
Insurance, Inspection, and Car Taxes
Vehicle ownership in Portugal comes with specific legal obligations that all drivers must understand and fulfill to remain compliant with national regulations.
Car Insurance in Portugal
Mandatory Coverage and Optional Protections
Car insurance is a legal requirement for all vehicles operating on Portuguese roads.
Third-Party Liability Insurance (Seguro de Responsabilidade Civil Automóvel) represents the minimum legal requirement. It covers damage or injury caused to others in an accident but not damage to your own vehicle or injuries to you or your passengers. Every driver must possess at least this coverage.
Comprehensive Insurance (Seguro contra todos os riscos) provides optional coverage that protects your own vehicle against risks like theft, vandalism, and accidents, offering broader financial protection beyond the mandatory minimum.
Mandatory Vehicle Inspection (IPO)
When, Where, and How Much It Costs
Car inspection (Inspeção Periódica Obrigatória – IPO) is mandatory to ensure vehicles meet safety and environmental standards.
The inspection schedule depends on vehicle age and type. For new cars, the first inspection occurs after 4 years, then every 2 years thereafter. Older cars require annual inspection after reaching a certain age.
Inspections are conducted at authorized inspection centers throughout Portugal, ensuring standardized procedures and equipment. Passing means receiving a report indicating compliance, while failing results in a report detailing issues. Repairs must be made and a reinspection completed within a specific period.
Inspection fees vary by vehicle type and age, typically ranging between €25 and €60.
Vehicle Taxes and Fees
Annual IUC Tax, ISV Tax, and Green Incentives
Vehicle owners must pay various taxes as part of their legal obligations.
The Vehicle Registration Tax (Imposto Único de Circulação – IUC) is an annual tax based on engine size, fuel type, and emissions. Electric and low-emission vehicles may qualify for reduced rates as part of Portugal’s environmental initiatives.
The Special Tax on Certain Vehicles (Imposto sobre Veículos – ISV) is a one-time tax that applies to the purchase of new and used vehicles, with rates varying based on engine size, emissions, and fuel type. Electric and low-emission vehicles may receive reduced rates or exemptions.
Parking Regulations
Street, Underground, and Residential Parking Options
Most urban street parking is metered, requiring payment during specified hours. Payment systems vary by municipality but typically accept coins, cards, or mobile payments.
Underground parking facilities require obtaining a ticket upon entry and paying based on duration. Electric vehicles may be exempt from fees in some cases as part of green transportation incentives.
Residents usually need to apply for a parking sticker through their local municipality. The first sticker is typically free, while additional stickers incur fees of €54 for the second and €132 for the third.
What to Do in Case of a Road Accident in Portugal
Reporting, Documentation, and Emergency Contacts
Actions following a road accident depend on the severity and whether injuries or police involvement are required.
For minor accidents with no injuries, exchange information and create a statement for insurance companies. If there’s disagreement about fault or circumstances, don’t sign documents. Police involvement is usually not required, but visiting a police station for an accident report form may help with insurance claims.
When accidents involve injuries, all parties must file a report with the police and complete and sign an accident report form. Police will check documents and may issue charges. Call emergency services (112) and request police, ambulance, and fire services if needed. Provide the location accurately and do not move the vehicle until police arrive, even if it obstructs the road. Place a red reflective triangle 30 meters in front of the vehicle to warn approaching traffic.
The DAAA (Declaração Amigável / Friendly Agreement) is a simple form filled and signed by both parties if they agree on the circumstances. If there is no agreement, the Folheto Participação de Sinistro (Non-Friendly Accident Claim Form) is used instead.
Notify your insurance company promptly by sending the accident report to assist with your claim processing and coverage determination.
Toll Roads and Via Verde System in Portugal
Paying Tolls, Using Electronic Devices, and Tips for Tourists
Portugal has an extensive network of toll roads (“autoestradas”) that connect major cities and regions efficiently.
Three main types of toll payment exist: traditional tolls where you pay at the booth with cash or card, electronic tolls using the Via Verde system with vehicle-equipped devices for automatic deduction, and toll cards which provide a prepaid option designed for non-residents and occasional users.
The Via Verde system is an electronic toll collection system that enables faster payment and smoother traffic flow. It involves receiving and installing a device in your vehicle after application approval. You can apply online via the www.viaverde.pt website by completing a form with personal and vehicle details and linking a payment method. The system is particularly beneficial for regular users and residents, offering convenience and often reduced toll rates compared to cash payments.
Documents to Carry While Driving
Essential Papers and Rental Car Considerations
You must always carry specific documents while driving in Portugal to comply with legal requirements and facilitate any necessary interactions with authorities.
Required documents include a valid driver’s license, vehicle registration documents, and current insurance documentation. If driving a rental vehicle, keep the rental agreement readily available along with the standard required documents. Ensure all documentation is current and easily accessible.
Winter Driving and Snow Chains
Seasonal Requirements and Mountain Travel Safety
Winter driving requirements in Portugal are generally minimal due to the country’s mild climate. However, specific conditions may require additional preparation.
Winter tires and snow chains are not mandatory in most of Portugal due to the mild Mediterranean climate. However, mountain regions may have different requirements during winter months. Snow chains may be required in mountainous regions like Serra da Estrela during winter when conditions demand additional traction. Check local conditions and requirements before traveling to elevated areas during winter months.
Temporary Import of Foreign Vehicles
EU Vehicle Stay Limits and Tax-Free Periods
Vehicles registered in another EU Member State can stay in Portugal without taxation for up to six months, either continuously or intermittently, within a 12-month period. This provision facilitates temporary visits and extended stays without immediate registration requirements.
Ensure proper documentation for temporary vehicle importation, including valid registration from the country of origin and appropriate insurance coverage that extends to Portugal.
Renewing Your Portuguese Driver’s License
When, Where, and How to Revalidate
Portuguese driving license renewal follows age-based schedules designed to ensure continued driving competency while minimizing bureaucratic burden.
The Portuguese license is valid for 15 years until age 60. After age 60, it must be revalidated every 5 years until age 70. After age 70, it must be revalidated every 2 years.
A medical certificate is only required after age 60. You are not required to retake the practical test at any age for renewal, focusing the process on health verification rather than skill assessment.
Revalidation must begin six months before expiration. You can renew online through the IMT website or at IMT service desks throughout Portugal. Online renewal costs €27 until age 70 and €13.50 after age 70, while service desk renewal costs €30 until age 70 and €15 after age 70.
Replacing a Lost or Stolen License
Reporting, Reissue Process, and Fees
Report the loss or theft to a police station first to create an official record of the incident. This police report is essential for the replacement process.
You can then request a duplicate online through the IMT website or at an IMT service desk. Eligibility criteria apply for requesting a duplicate license. Required documents include identification such as Citizen Card, taxpayer number, passport, or residence permit. Online requests require registering on the IMT website and completing the digital application process.
The replacement cost is €30 for those under 70 and €15 for those over 70 when done in person, or €27 for those under 70 and €13.50 for those over 70 when done online. It typically takes 8 to 10 days to receive the duplicate license, and a temporary permit to drive is provided while waiting for the permanent replacement.
This comprehensive guide covers the essential aspects of driving licenses and transport in Portugal. For the most current information and specific situations, always consult with the Institute of Mobility and Transportation (IMT) or relevant Portuguese authorities.
See also: Buying a Property in Portugal