Portugal has undergone significant changes in its immigration system, creating new opportunities and streamlined services for immigrants seeking residence, citizenship, and legal support. This comprehensive guide covers everything you need to know about accessing immigrant support and legal aid in Portugal.
Major Immigration Reforms: From SEF to AIMA
Portugal’s immigration landscape transformed dramatically with sweeping reforms that replaced the old system with a more efficient, modern approach to immigrant services.
Dissolution of SEF and Creation of AIMA
In October 2023, Portugal dissolved the SEF (Serviço de Estrangeiros e Fronteiras), ending decades of centralized immigration control under one agency. This historic change marked the beginning of a new era in Portuguese immigration services, with the creation of AIMA (Agency for Integration, Migration, and Asylum) as the primary administrative body for immigrant affairs.
The transition represented one of the most significant immigration policy changes in Portugal’s recent history, affecting hundreds of thousands of immigrants and visa applicants across the country.
Why SEF Was Replaced: Key Motivations Behind the Reform
The dissolution of SEF wasn’t arbitrary—it stemmed from critical needs to modernize Portugal’s immigration system. The reform aimed to streamline processes, address systemic inefficiencies, and restore public confidence following a 2020 scandal that damaged the agency’s reputation.
The Portuguese government recognized that a fragmented approach, distributing responsibilities across specialized agencies, would better serve both immigrants and national security interests. This restructuring allows each agency to focus on their core competencies while maintaining coordination through oversight mechanisms.
Integration of ACM into AIMA: Streamlining Immigrant Services
As part of the comprehensive reform, the Portuguese High Commissioner for Migrations (ACM) was abolished and integrated into AIMA. This consolidation eliminated duplication of services and created a single point of contact for most immigrant integration services, making navigation easier for newcomers to Portugal.
What Is AIMA? Understanding Portugal’s New Immigration Authority
AIMA represents Portugal’s commitment to modern, efficient immigration services that prioritize both security and immigrant integration.
AIMA’s Core Mission and Scope of Services
The Agency for Integration, Migration, and Asylum serves as Portugal’s central hub for immigration administration. AIMA’s mission encompasses facilitating integration processes, managing migration flows, and processing asylum applications while ensuring compliance with Portuguese and European Union immigration laws.
AIMA handles residence permits, visa processing and renewals, family reunification cases, Golden Visa applications, and refugee integration programs. The agency also oversees citizenship applications and provides support services to help immigrants successfully integrate into Portuguese society.
Administrative Focus: Permits, Visas, and Integration Support
Unlike its predecessor, AIMA focuses exclusively on administrative functions rather than enforcement. This specialization allows AIMA to dedicate resources to processing applications efficiently, supporting immigrant integration programs, and developing digital infrastructure to improve service delivery.
The agency operates 34 service counters across Portugal and plans to open at least ten additional branches to improve accessibility for immigrants nationwide.
How AIMA Differs from the Former SEF
AIMA represents a fundamental shift from SEF’s approach. While SEF combined administrative and enforcement functions, AIMA concentrates solely on immigration administration and integration support. This separation allows AIMA to focus on customer service and efficiency rather than balancing competing priorities.
The new structure eliminates conflicts of interest that sometimes arose when the same agency processed applications and conducted enforcement actions against applicants.
Agencies Now Handling SEF’s Former Responsibilities
The dissolution of SEF required careful redistribution of responsibilities across multiple specialized agencies to maintain security while improving service delivery.
Who Handles Border Security and Immigration Control Now?
Border security and immigration enforcement now fall under specialized police forces equipped with specific training and resources for these critical functions.
Role of the GNR, PSP, PJ, and IRN in Immigration Matters
The Republican National Guard (GNR) monitors maritime and land borders, including cruise terminals, bringing specialized expertise to border security operations. The Public Security Police (PSP) manages airport borders through its newly created Organic Airport Security and Border Control Unit, ensuring seamless security at Portugal’s busiest international entry points.
The Judiciary Police (PJ) handles criminal investigations related to illegal immigration and human trafficking, applying their investigative expertise to complex immigration crimes. The Instituto de Registo e Notariado (IRN) issues Portuguese electronic passports and manages certain residence permits, leveraging their document security expertise.
The New Borders and Foreigners Coordination Unit (“Mini-SEF”)
Operating under the Secretary General of the Internal Security System, the Borders and Foreigners Coordination Unit coordinates actions between police forces, IRN, and AIMA. This “mini-SEF” ensures seamless communication and cooperation while managing administrative functions related to police databases and information systems for international police cooperation.
Reassignment of SEF Staff Across Various Agencies
The transition preserved institutional knowledge by reassigning 740 SEF workers to AIMA, 75 to IRN, 324 to PSP, 80 to GNR, and 789 to PJ. This careful distribution maintained continuity while allowing staff to specialize in their new roles.
AIMA Services and Support for Immigrants
AIMA provides comprehensive services designed to support immigrants throughout their journey in Portugal, from initial applications to full integration.
Residence Permits, Visa Processing, and Renewals
AIMA processes all residence permit applications, visa renewals, and related documentation required for legal residence in Portugal. The agency handles various permit types, including work permits, family reunification permits, student permits, and investment-based permits.
Processing times are legally capped at 90 working days for residence permit applications, providing certainty for applicants planning their lives in Portugal.
Asylum Applications and Refugee Integration
AIMA manages Portugal’s asylum system, processing applications from individuals seeking international protection. The agency provides comprehensive support for refugees, including integration programs that help newcomers access housing, education, healthcare, and employment opportunities.
Family Reunification and Golden Visa Case Management
Family reunification cases receive priority attention from AIMA, recognizing the importance of family unity in successful integration. The agency also manages Golden Visa applications, processing investment-based residence permits for qualified investors contributing to Portugal’s economy.
Launch of the AIMA Online Portal and Service Expansion Plans
The AIMA Portal, launched in late 2023, represents a significant step toward digital transformation of Portuguese immigration services. Starting with family reunification requests, the portal continues expanding its online capabilities to reduce processing times and improve accessibility for applicants worldwide.
Tackling the Immigration Backlog
AIMA inherited a substantial challenge: clearing a massive backlog of pending immigration cases while maintaining quality service for new applications.
Backlog Statistics and Government Response
AIMA inherited approximately 347,000 pending immigration cases and visa renewals from SEF, creating an immediate priority to clear this backlog while processing new applications. The Portuguese government recognized this challenge and allocated resources specifically to address the situation.
Strategic Actions: New Hires, Digital Tools, and Partnerships
AIMA implemented a comprehensive strategy involving hiring additional staff, modernizing computer systems, and enhancing appointment scheduling capabilities. The agency launched a “mega-operation” involving local authorities, professional orders, and Local Support Centers for the Integration of Migrants to accelerate processing.
Deadline to Clear Golden Visa Applications: June 2025
The Portuguese government allocated €5.97 million in the 2025 budget specifically to clear all pending Golden Visa applications by June 30, 2025. This commitment demonstrates Portugal’s dedication to resolving the backlog and restoring confidence in the immigration system.
Complaints, Legal Challenges & Accountability
Despite improvements, AIMA faces ongoing challenges that have led to legal actions and accountability measures.
Volume of Complaints Against AIMA
AIMA receives approximately 50 complaints daily through the legal system, totaling around 8,000 complaints related to processing delays and administrative issues. These complaints reflect the challenges of managing such a large volume of cases while implementing new systems and procedures.
Legal Cases Accelerating Application Responses
Many applicants have successfully used legal action to compel faster processing of their applications, particularly Golden Visa cases. Courts can mandate specific deadlines for AIMA decisions, creating legal pressure to improve processing times.
Court Mandates and Director Accountability
Portuguese courts can hold AIMA directors accountable for failing to meet court-mandated deadlines, creating institutional incentives for improved performance. This legal framework provides applicants with recourse when administrative delays become unreasonable.
How to Contact AIMA and Get Support
AIMA provides multiple channels for immigrants to access information, submit applications, and receive support throughout their immigration journey.
AIMA Contact Details and Customer Service Hours
You can contact AIMA through their online portal, by calling +351 217 115 000 or +351 965 903 700 (available 8 AM to 8 PM Lisbon time), or by emailing [email protected]. These multiple contact options ensure accessibility for immigrants across different time zones and communication preferences.
The Immigrant Support Line: Multilingual Help & Guidance
The Immigrant Support Line operates Monday through Friday (except holidays) from 9 AM to 7 PM, offering services in 10 different languages. You can reach the line by calling 808 257 257 from a national fixed network (local call costs) or +351 21 810 61 91 from mobile or foreign networks.
This multilingual support recognizes Portugal’s diverse immigrant population and ensures language barriers don’t prevent access to essential information and services.
Local and National Migrant Support Centers (CLAIM & CNAIM)
The Local Centres of Migrants’ Integration Support (CLAIM) operate as decentralized offices connected to National Centres of Migrants’ Integration Support (CNAIM). These centers provide welcoming services, information, and comprehensive support to migrants across Portugal.
Free Services Offered to Immigrants Across Portugal
CLAIM centers offer free assistance with regularization of immigration status, nationality applications, family reunification, housing, employment, social security, healthcare, education, and other essential services. Over 150 CLAIM centers operate throughout Portugal, ensuring geographic accessibility for all immigrants.
Applying for Residency or Citizenship Through AIMA
Understanding the application process helps immigrants navigate Portugal’s immigration system successfully and avoid common pitfalls.
Application Process for Residence Permits
To apply for a residence permit through AIMA, you typically need an appropriate entry visa for Portugal, must schedule an appointment with AIMA, and submit required documents in person after arriving in Portugal. The process involves online submissions, biometric appointment scheduling, and in-person verification to ensure security and accuracy.
Required Documents and Scheduling Appointments
Standard documents include a valid passport, proof of legal entry to Portugal, passport-sized photos, and proof of tax registration (NIF). Specific requirements vary by visa program, so applicants should verify exact requirements for their particular situation.
AIMA’s appointment scheduling system helps manage workflow and reduces waiting times for applicants who need in-person services.
Citizenship Applications and Legal Framework
AIMA oversees the entire citizenship application process, ensuring compliance with Portuguese nationality laws. The agency reviews applications for naturalization, citizenship by descent, and other pathways to Portuguese citizenship, maintaining strict adherence to legal requirements while providing support to qualified applicants.
Tracking Your Application Online
Applicants can check their application status through the AIMA Service Portal using their registered email and password, or by contacting AIMA directly. This transparency helps applicants plan their lives while applications are pending and reduces uncertainty about processing timelines.
Legal Aid for Immigrants in Portugal
Portugal provides comprehensive legal aid services to ensure immigrants have access to justice and legal representation when needed.
Requesting Legal Protection Online Through Social Security
Legal Protection (Legal Aid) can be requested online through Social Security Direct for individuals unable to pay legal costs. This system makes legal assistance accessible to immigrants who might otherwise struggle to afford legal representation.
Eligibility and Scope of Legal Aid Services
Legal aid covers various situations affecting immigrants, including immigration law matters, housing disputes, employment issues, and other legal challenges. Eligibility is typically based on income and the nature of the legal issue, ensuring assistance reaches those most in need.
Access to Support for Immigration, Housing, Work, and More
Legal aid extends beyond immigration matters to cover housing disputes, workplace issues, family law matters, and other legal challenges immigrants might face. This comprehensive approach recognizes that successful integration requires access to justice across all areas of life.
Other Key Immigration Options and Resources
Portugal offers diverse immigration pathways and resources to support different types of immigrants and their varied goals.
Overview of Visa Types: D7, D8, D2, D3, and Golden Visa
Portugal’s immigration system includes the D7 Visa (Retirement/Passive Income), Digital Nomad Visa (D8), Entrepreneurship/Startup Visa (D2), Work Visa for Highly Qualified Employees (D3), and the Golden Visa investment program. Each visa type serves different immigrant populations and goals, providing flexibility for various life circumstances.
Citizenship by Descent: A Pathway for Those with Portuguese Roots
Individuals with Portuguese ancestry may qualify for citizenship by descent, providing a direct pathway to Portuguese citizenship without traditional residency requirements. This option particularly benefits those with grandparents or great-grandparents from Portugal.
Practical Info: NIF, Property Purchase, and Migrant Life Guides
AIMA and related agencies provide practical information on obtaining a NIF (Tax Identification Number), purchasing property in Portugal, and comprehensive guides for migrants covering living and working, raising families, and understanding visa and permit requirements. These resources help immigrants navigate practical aspects of life in Portugal beyond the immigration process itself.
Portugal’s reformed immigration system, centered around AIMA, represents a significant improvement in accessibility, efficiency, and support for immigrants. While challenges remain, particularly around processing backlogs, the new structure provides clearer pathways for immigrants seeking to build their lives in Portugal. Whether you’re applying for residence, seeking citizenship, or need legal assistance, Portugal’s immigration system now offers more specialized, professional support than ever before.
See also: Cultural Events, Holidays, And Festivals in Portugal