Buying a car in Portugal can be straightforward when you understand the process, requirements, and costs involved. Whether you’re an expat settling in Portugal or a resident looking for your next car, this comprehensive guide covers everything you need to know about buying, registering, and maintaining a vehicle in Portugal.
General Overview of Buying a Car in Portugal
Buying a car in Portugal is considered relatively straightforward, especially when you have the necessary documentation and understand the local requirements. The Portuguese automotive market offers both new and used vehicles, with many international brands having established dealerships throughout the country.
Portugal’s diverse landscapes and favorable climate make car ownership particularly appealing to many expats who want to explore the country’s coastal regions, historic cities, and scenic countryside. The country has well-developed road infrastructure, including modern motorways connecting major cities and regions.
Why Many Expats Choose to Buy Locally Instead of Importing
Most expats find it more practical and cost-effective to purchase a car locally in Portugal rather than importing one from their home country. Local purchases eliminate the complex paperwork, shipping costs, and potential tax implications associated with vehicle importation. Additionally, buying locally ensures the vehicle meets Portuguese safety and environmental standards, and you’ll have easier access to warranty services and spare parts.
The import process can involve significant costs, including shipping fees that often exceed €1,000, plus various taxes and administrative fees. By purchasing locally, you can also test drive vehicles, negotiate prices more effectively, and have immediate access to your new car.
What You Need to Buy a Car in Portugal
Before shopping for a vehicle, ensure you have all the necessary documentation and meet the legal requirements for car ownership in Portugal.
Essential Documents and Legal Requirements
To purchase a car in Portugal, you must provide proof of Portuguese residence such as a residence permit, rental agreement, or property ownership documents. You’ll also need valid identification in the form of a passport or national ID card, along with your NIF (Número de Identificação Fiscal), which is your Portuguese tax number essential for all major transactions.
Bank account details are required unless you’re paying the full amount in cash, and you must hold a valid driving license while being at least 18 years old to drive in Portugal. These documents are crucial for the registration process and ensuring legal compliance. Without proper documentation, you may face delays or be unable to complete the purchase.
Buying a New Car in Portugal
New car purchases offer several advantages but come with higher upfront costs compared to used vehicles.
Advantages of Purchasing a New Vehicle
New cars provide better reliability, longer vehicle life, and comprehensive warranties. The average cost of a new car in Portugal was €32,483 in 2020. Popular brands include Renault, Peugeot, Mercedes-Benz, Citroën, and BMW. Electric and hybrid models are increasingly popular due to Portugal’s growing network of charging stations and environmental incentives.
When you purchase a new car, you’ll receive a sales contract, owner’s manual, and EU Certificate of Conformity. Most dealerships offer financing options, allowing you to pay in installments through dealership financing or bank loans.
Where to Buy a New Car: Dealerships and Online Platforms
Car dealerships are found throughout Portugal and offer high levels of support before and after the sale. They typically handle registration paperwork and may offer insurance services. Major brands like BMW, Fiat, Peugeot, and Renault have established dealer networks. You can locate dealerships through websites like StandVirtual or Páginas Amarelas.
Digital car buying is becoming more popular, with websites like ACP, OLX, and StandVirtual listing new cars directly from dealerships. While online purchases may limit test driving opportunities and price negotiation, some platforms offer complete online transactions including home delivery.
Buying a Used Car in Portugal
Used car purchases can offer significant savings, though Portugal’s used car market has slower depreciation rates compared to other European countries.
Benefits and Challenges of Buying Second-Hand Vehicles
Used cars provide lower upfront costs and reduced depreciation, making them attractive for budget-conscious buyers. However, Portugal was ranked as relatively expensive for used cars in 2017 due to slower depreciation rates. You’ll need to carefully inspect vehicles and verify their history to ensure a good purchase.
Used Car Dealerships vs. Private Sellers
Dealerships offer more security, handle most paperwork including registration and IPO tests, and provide a minimum one-year warranty on used vehicles. They may charge slightly higher prices for these services, but the added security and convenience often justify the cost.
Private sellers can offer lower prices and more room for negotiation, especially with cash payments. However, you won’t receive a warranty and must handle registration yourself. When buying privately, always request key documents including the transfer of ownership form, registration certificate (documento único automóvel), and IPO test certificate for cars over four years old.
Important Paperwork for Used Car Purchases
Essential documents for used car purchases include the transfer of ownership/registration application form, registration certificate (Documento Único Automóvel), IPO test certificate for cars over four years old, details of the next required inspection, and a sales or purchase contract detailing vehicle and buyer/seller information.
For private sales, consider using an escrow account or third-party service for deposits to protect both parties. Always verify vehicle history and document validity through the Portuguese Institute of Mobility and Transport (IMT) or online portals.
Where to Find Used Cars Online in Portugal
Popular websites for used car searches include Auto SAPO, Autto, BCA, Guia do Automóvel, and StandVirtual. Private sellers also list vehicles on these platforms, in classified ads, magazines, and community forums. Always verify vehicle history and document validity through the Portuguese Institute of Mobility and Transport (IMT) or online portals.
Car Registration and Legal Paperwork
All vehicles in Portugal must be registered with the IMT (Institute for Mobility and Transport). Failure to register can result in vehicle seizure.
How and Where to Register Your Vehicle
If purchasing from a dealership, they usually handle registration. Otherwise, you must register your vehicle within 60 days of purchase. Registration can be completed online via the Automóvel Online platform, at an IRN (Institute of Registries and Notaries) vehicle registry office, or at a Citizen’s Shop (Lojas do Cidadão). Applications related to mobility and transport are submitted to the IMT.
Documents Needed for Registration
Required documents include valid ID or passport, NIF (Portuguese tax number), proof of Portuguese residence, completed registration form or transfer form for used vehicles, EU Certificate of Conformity or equivalent, and IPO certificate for cars over four years old. Registration fees typically range from €55-65, with discounts available for online registration.
Keeping Your Registration Certificate (DUA) and Insurance in the Car
Once registered, you’ll receive the registration certificate (Documento Único Automóvel – DUA). You must keep your DUA and car insurance certificate in your vehicle at all times. License plates don’t need to be changed if you move to a different part of Portugal.
Ongoing Car Ownership Costs in Portugal
Car ownership involves several ongoing expenses beyond the initial purchase price.
Taxes, Insurance, Fuel, and Maintenance Expenses
You’ll pay a one-off Vehicle Tax (ISV) when buying a new car and an annual circulation tax (IUC) for road use. Both taxes are based on vehicle type and CO2 emissions. At least third-party insurance is mandatory, with costs typically ranging from €150-600 annually depending on coverage level, vehicle type, and driver history.
Recent fuel costs were approximately €1.71 per liter for petrol and €1.55 for diesel. The average cost of running a car in Portugal was estimated at €1,127 per month in 2021, which was among the highest in Europe.
Annual Inspection Requirements (IPO)
Periodic inspections (IPO) are mandatory for vehicle safety and environmental compliance. Inspections are required once a car reaches four years old, then every two years for cars aged 4-8, and annually for vehicles over eight years old. IPO inspections cost approximately €30 and are conducted at approved Vehicle Inspection Centres.
Using Toll Roads and Via Verde
Portugal’s motorways commonly feature toll roads. The Via Verde system offers pre-paid subscriptions for convenient toll payment, making highway travel more efficient for regular users.
Importing a Car into Portugal
While possible, importing a vehicle involves complex procedures and significant costs.
Steps and Costs of Importing a Vehicle
The import process is handled through the Portuguese Tax and Customs Authority and can be time-consuming. Costs include registration fees, taxation, and shipping expenses that often exceed €1,000. Most paperwork can be completed online, but imported vehicles must be registered within 60 days of arrival.
ISV and VAT Tax Rules for EU and Non-EU Residents
Standard import costs include Vehicle Import Tax (ISV, usually maximum 10%) and VAT (currently 23%). If importing from EU/EFTA countries, you don’t pay ISV. VAT is only required for brand new cars or vehicles owned for less than six months, though you can claim back VAT paid in other member states.
ISV Exemptions for New Residents and Special Cases
ISV exemptions are available if you’re changing residence to Portugal and have lived outside Portugal for at least six months while owning the car. Applications must be submitted within 12 months of changing residence. Specific professional categories may also qualify for exemptions, and applications are made online via the Tax and Customs Authority website.
Temporary Importation Rules and Procedures
The Temporary Admission Procedure allows EU/EFTA vehicles to remain in Portugal tax-free for up to six months within a 12-month period, provided the owner isn’t a Portuguese resident. This applies to students on fixed-term stays for education or training, and cross-border workers living in Spain and working in Portugal. Applications should be submitted within 30 days of arrival.
EU students studying in Portugal do not have to register their vehicle during their studies and it remains exempt from motor vehicle tax, provided they retain residence elsewhere. Pensioners and second home owners from the EU only need to register if importing the vehicle under temporary procedure for over 6 months in a 12-month period.
Required Documents for Vehicle Importation
Import documentation includes valid identification, proof of vehicle ownership, Certificate of Conformity or equivalent, inspection certificate for cars over four years old plus agreement for Portuguese IPO, Vehicle Customs Certificate (DAV), and completed IMT form. Most paperwork can be completed online.
Selling a Car in Portugal
When it’s time to sell your vehicle, you have several options available.
How to Sell: Privately, Online, or via a Dealer
You can sell through dealerships, online platforms such as ACP, Auto SAPO, Autto, BCA, and eBay, car fairs, auctions, or private sales. Dealers and websites typically charge fees but provide broader market exposure and handle much of the administrative work.
Paperwork and Legal Responsibilities When Selling
When selling, you must provide the transfer of ownership form, existing registration certificate (DUA), and IPO test certificate for cars over four years old plus details of the next inspection. Drawing up a sales contract is recommended, especially for private sales, to protect both parties legally and provide clear documentation of the transaction terms.
What You Must Keep in Your Car by Law
To avoid fines, always carry specific items in your vehicle as required by Portuguese law.
Required Safety Equipment and Documents to Avoid Fines
You must always have your registration certificate (DUA), car insurance certificate, and valid driving license readily accessible in your vehicle. Additionally, Portuguese law requires you to carry a warning triangle for use in accident situations and at least one high-visibility safety vest. These items are mandatory and must be readily accessible during police checks or emergencies.
Penalties for Failing to Register or Comply with Laws
Legal compliance is crucial to avoid serious consequences and financial penalties.
Consequences of Ignoring Vehicle Regulations
Failure to register a vehicle within required timeframes can result in vehicle seizure. New owners have 60 days to complete registration after purchase, and if registration isn’t completed within this period, former owners can apply for vehicle seizure. For imported vehicles that aren’t properly registered when required, owners may face having to pay Vehicle Tax (ISV) along with corresponding penalties and interest charges.
Cancelling Your Vehicle Registration
There are specific procedures for ending vehicle registration when it’s no longer needed.
When and How to Deregister a Car in Portugal
Registration can be cancelled for various reasons including failure to transfer ownership, the vehicle no longer being used on public roads, missing vehicles, exports, or inoperative vehicles. For end-of-life vehicles, owners must hand the vehicle over to authorized dismantlers who will issue a certificate of destruction and forward it to the IMT. The annual IUC must continue to be paid until registration is officially cancelled through proper procedures.
Useful Resources for Car Buyers in Portugal
Several organizations can assist with your car buying journey and ongoing vehicle ownership needs.
Government and Automotive Organizations That Can Help
The Institute for Mobility and Transport (IMT) handles vehicle registration and regulations, while the e-Portugal government portal provides online services and information. The Automobile Club of Portugal (ACP) offers automotive services and support for drivers, and ACAP serves as the representative body for the Portuguese automotive sector, providing industry information and advocacy.
These organizations provide official information, services, and support for all aspects of vehicle ownership in Portugal, from initial purchase through registration, maintenance, and eventual disposal.
This guide provides comprehensive information about buying a car in Portugal. Always verify current regulations and requirements with official sources, as laws and procedures may change over time.
See also: Healthcare and Insurance in Portugal