third level education in portugal

Portugal has emerged as one of Europe’s most attractive destinations for higher education, offering world-class universities, affordable tuition fees, and a rich cultural experience. With over 100 higher education institutions and a education system aligned with European standards, Portugal provides excellent opportunities for both EU and international students seeking quality tertiary education.

Understanding the Portuguese third level Education System

Portugal’s higher education landscape is designed to meet diverse academic and professional needs, following the Bologna Process framework that ensures compatibility with other European education systems.

Types of Institutions: Universities and Polytechnics

The Portuguese higher education system comprises two main types of institutions serving different educational purposes. Universities focus on academic research and theoretical knowledge, offering comprehensive degree programs from bachelor’s to doctoral levels. Polytechnic institutions emphasize practical, professional-oriented education with strong industry connections.

Portugal hosts over 100 higher education institutions, with 14 being public universities and the remainder consisting of private universities and polytechnic institutes. Public institutions generally offer more affordable tuition fees, while private institutions often provide specialized programs and smaller class sizes.

The Bologna Process and ECTS Credit System

Portugal fully implements the Bologna Process, ensuring that Portuguese degrees are recognized throughout Europe and beyond. The European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System (ECTS) is used across all institutions, with each academic year equivalent to 60 ECTS credits. This standardization facilitates student mobility and degree recognition internationally.

The ECTS system allows students to transfer credits between institutions and countries, making it easier to pursue exchange programs or continue studies elsewhere in Europe. This compatibility is particularly beneficial for students planning international careers or further studies abroad.

Degree Cycles and European Qualifications Framework (EQF)

Portuguese higher education follows a structured cycle system aligned with the European Qualifications Framework:

First Cycle (Licenciatura) corresponds to EQF Level 6, typically lasting three years and requiring 180 ECTS credits. Some programs may extend to 240 credits over seven to eight semesters, particularly in technical fields. This level provides foundational knowledge and skills for professional entry or further studies.

Second Cycle (Mestrado) represents EQF Level 7, usually requiring two years and 120 ECTS credits. Integrated master’s programs (Mestrado Integrado) combine undergraduate and postgraduate studies in fields like architecture, medicine, and engineering, providing a seamless pathway to advanced qualifications.

Third Cycle (Doutoramento) reaches EQF Level 8, focusing on original research over three to four years with 180-240 ECTS credits. Doctoral programs prepare students for careers in research, academia, and high-level professional practice.

Short Cycle and Professional Technical Courses (TESP & CTeSP)

Portugal offers shorter professional programs designed for rapid entry into specific career fields. Higher Professional Technical Courses (Curso Técnico Superior Profissional) provide Level 5 qualifications, typically lasting up to two years. These programs are particularly strong at polytechnic institutions and focus on practical skills tied to specific professions.

Short-cycle programs bridge the gap between secondary education and full degree programs, offering students flexible pathways to higher education and professional development.

Admission Requirements and Application Process

Successfully entering Portuguese higher education requires understanding specific requirements and following proper application procedures.

Entry Requirements and Academic Prerequisites

Admission requirements vary by institution and program level. All applicants must have completed secondary education equivalent to Portuguese standards. Most undergraduate programs require entrance exams (provas de ingresso), with admission scores typically calculated by combining 50% secondary school grades with 50% entrance exam results.

Competition for places can be intense, as university degrees have limited slots (vagas). Institutions maintain specific quotas for citizens over 23 and international students, providing alternative pathways for non-traditional applicants.

National vs International Student Applications

EU citizens and those legally residing in Portugal for over two years can apply through the national call for public institutions or institutional calls for private institutions. These applicants need certificate equivalence showing their final grade average compared to Portuguese secondary school standards.

Non-EU/EFTA students must use the international student application process, applying directly to universities while demonstrating equivalent qualifications and meeting specific language requirements.

Accepted Exams and Certificate Equivalence

Foreign national exams that match Portuguese secondary school leaving exam designations may be accepted by most higher education institutions. These exams remain valid for the performance year plus two additional years. Certificates must include grades, grading scales, minimum passing grades, and official stamps from home institutions or Portuguese diplomatic authorities.

Official translations are required for documents not in Portuguese, English, French, or Spanish. If foreign exams aren’t accepted, applicants must register at Portuguese secondary schools to take required national exams.

Portuguese Language Proficiency and PLE Exam

Most Portuguese degree programs are taught in Portuguese, typically requiring B2 level proficiency on the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR). The Portuguese as a Foreign Language exam (PLE) may be mandatory for admission. However, some postgraduate programs are available in English, particularly at master’s and doctoral levels.

Language requirements vary by institution and program, so students should verify specific requirements early in their application process.

Application Timeline and Required Documents

Applications are submitted through the DGES platform in three phases: Phase 1 (May-July), Phase 2 (July-August), and Phase 3 (August-September). Students should verify specific institutional deadlines as these may vary.

Required documents typically include valid passport or ID, completed application forms, academic transcripts with recognized equivalence, proof of entrance exam completion, language proficiency certification, and potentially additional materials like personal statements, recommendation letters, or portfolios depending on the program.

Visas and Residence Permits for Non-EU Students

Non-EU students must navigate specific visa and permit requirements to study legally in Portugal.

How to Apply for a Student Visa

Non-EU citizens must obtain a residence visa from Portuguese embassies or consulates in their country of origin or residence. This visa permits entry to Portugal specifically for applying for residence permits and allows a four-month stay to complete permit applications with AIMA (Agência para a Integração, Migrações e Asilo), which replaced the former SEF.

Required visa documents generally include proof of sufficient financial means, travel insurance, return tickets, and confirmation of university admission for higher education purposes.

Residence Permit Requirements and Validity

The temporary residence permit allows legal residence in Portugal for specific periods. Applications are submitted to AIMA with required documents including enrollment confirmation, fee payments, proof of sufficient financial means, and health service coverage or insurance.

Student residence permits are typically valid for one year and renewable for additional one-year periods or the remaining study duration if less than one year. Different permit types have varying validity periods and renewal conditions.

Reasons for Visa or Permit Refusal

Visas may be refused if applicants have previous orders to leave Portugal with running prohibition periods, or if they’re listed in the Schengen Information System or AIMA’s Integrated Information System. Permits may also be refused for public order, security, or health reasons.

Refused residence permit applications result in visa cancellation, though decisions can be challenged in administrative courts.

Costs and Funding Opportunities in Portugal

Portugal offers some of Europe’s most affordable higher education options, making it attractive for international students.

Tuition Fees for EU and Non-EU Students

Public university tuition fees range from €700 to €1,500 annually for EU/EFTA students and nationals. Non-EU/EFTA students face higher fees ranging from €2,000 to €7,000 yearly. Private universities start around €4,000 annually for domestic students and €6,000 for international students.

Master’s programs typically cost €700 to €4,000 yearly, starting from €2,000 for international students. Doctoral programs average €1,500 to €3,000 annually, with similar rates for national and international students.

Scholarships, Grants, and Financial Aid

Financial aid is available for both national and international students through grants and scholarships (bolsa de estudo) and student loans (crédito para estudantes). Various funding sources support different student needs and circumstances.

Government, University, and Private Funding Sources

Multiple funding sources include government agencies like DGES, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Instituto de Camões, and Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia. Universities offer institutional scholarships and grants, while private organizations like the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation and Santander provide additional opportunities.

International scholarships include Fulbright programs, Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degrees, and European Research Council funding.

Student Loans and Payment Methods

Student loans are available through some universities and Portuguese banks. Tuition fees are typically paid at the beginning of each semester or academic year, with additional costs for registration, exams, and materials.

Student Life in Portugal

Portuguese universities offer vibrant campus communities with rich traditions and diverse opportunities for personal growth.

University Culture and Student Traditions

Student life varies by city, with Lisbon, Porto, and Coimbra offering particularly lively atmospheres. Academic traditions include semana académica or queima das fitas (graduation celebrations) and praxe (initiation rituals) that create strong campus communities.

Full-time students typically spend at least 20 hours weekly in classes plus additional personal study time, balancing academic demands with social activities.

Clubs, Associations, and International Networks

Universities host numerous clubs and associations, including International Student Committees that support foreign students. Organizations like the Erasmus Student Network (ESN) and AEGEE European Students Forum provide networking and cultural exchange opportunities.

These groups help international students integrate into Portuguese university life while maintaining connections with their home countries and other international students.

Living Expenses and Daily Life

Portugal’s low cost of living makes it attractive for students. Daily expenses for food, transportation, and entertainment are generally lower than other Western European countries, allowing students to enjoy a high quality of life on modest budgets.

International students may need to register with local authorities upon arrival, depending on stay duration and country of origin.

Finding Student Accommodation in Portugal

Housing options vary significantly by location and budget, with major cities offering diverse choices.

University Housing Options and Dormitories

Most Portuguese universities provide student accommodation including dormitories, shared flats, and university residences (residência universitária). These options are typically allocated on a first-come, first-served basis, making early applications essential.

University housing often provides the most affordable and convenient option for students, particularly those new to Portugal.

Private Rentals and Shared Flats

Private rentals are available through websites like Housing Anywhere, Airbnb, and Spotahome. These options offer more independence but require careful research to ensure legitimate arrangements and fair pricing.

Shared accommodations are popular among students, providing social opportunities while reducing individual costs.

Estimated Monthly Accommodation Costs

Accommodation costs vary significantly by location and type. One-bedroom apartments range from €400-€1,000 monthly, shared flat rooms cost €300-€600 monthly, and student dormitories typically range from €150-€350 monthly.

Lisbon and Porto generally have higher accommodation costs compared to smaller cities, though they also offer more diverse housing options.

Working While Studying in Portugal

Portugal provides various opportunities for students to work while pursuing their studies, with different rules for EU and non-EU students.

Work Rights for EU and Non-EU Students

EU/EFTA students can work while studying without work permits, providing flexibility to support their studies or gain professional experience. Non-EU/EFTA students face restrictions, working only outside school hours with AIMA authorization, generally limited to 20 hours weekly during study periods and 40 hours during academic breaks.

Student Worker Status and Legal Conditions

Portugal offers special student worker status (estatuto trabalhador estudante) providing benefits like extended exam dates for working students. Non-EU students need employment contracts or self-employment proof plus social security registration.

Unremunerated trainees and volunteers cannot work with their student permits, maintaining clear distinctions between different permit types.

Post-Graduation Employment Opportunities

Graduates wanting to work in Portugal must apply to change their study permits to work permits. Work visas are also available for job-seekers and entrepreneurs. High-demand sectors include health, business management, and IT, though Portugal’s minimum salary is lower than some European countries, leading some graduates to seek opportunities abroad.

Healthcare Access for International Students

Portugal provides comprehensive healthcare options for students through public and private systems.

Public vs Private Healthcare Systems

The Portuguese National Health Service (SNS) offers public healthcare to residents, while many expats supplement this with private health insurance for additional coverage and convenience.

EHIC Access for EU Students

EU/EFTA students can access public healthcare using their European Health Insurance Card (EHIC) for short stays under three months. For longer stays, students should register with the SNS for comprehensive coverage.

Health Insurance for Non-EU Students

Non-EU/EFTA students must apply for health insurance as part of their visa applications. Students should check for reciprocal healthcare agreements between Portugal and their home countries or purchase private insurance to ensure adequate coverage.

Study Exchange Programs and International Opportunities

Portuguese universities actively participate in international exchange programs, providing students with global academic experiences.

Erasmus+ and EU Mobility Programs

The Erasmus+ program is a popular EU-funded scheme for studying abroad within or outside the EU. Eligibility typically requires enrollment in an ECHE institution and completing at least one year of study, opening doors to academic and cultural exchange throughout Europe.

Fulbright and Santander Scholarships

International agreements include the US-Portugal Fulbright Exchange Program and Ibero-America Santander Scholarship, providing opportunities for academic collaboration and research exchange with institutions worldwide.

Eligibility and Application for Exchanges

Exchange program eligibility varies by program and institution. Students should research specific requirements early in their academic careers to plan participation in desired programs and maximize international opportunities.

Helpful Organizations and Resources

Several key organizations provide essential services and support for students in Portugal.

DGES, AIMA, ACM, IEFP, and More

The Direção-Geral do Ensino Superior (DGES) provides information on the higher education system, degree recognition, and application platforms. AIMA (Agência para a Integração, Migrações e Asilo) handles residence permits for non-EU citizens, while Alto Comissariado para as Migrações (ACM) offers support for international residents.

The Institute for Employment and Professional Training (IEFP) supports traineeships and professional development opportunities.

Useful Portals for Funding, Jobs, and Study Options

Websites like Study Portals and the European Funding Guide help students search for funding opportunities. Job portals including Sapo Emprego, Net Empregos, and Indeed assist with employment searches, supporting students throughout their academic journey and career development.

These resources provide comprehensive support for navigating Portuguese higher education successfully, from initial applications through graduation and career development.

• See also: Learn Portuguese in Portugal